The Data of EthicsD. Appleton, 1901 - 303 หน้า |
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accompanying achieved actions activities acts to ends adaptation adjustments of acts aggregate arises Aristotle becomes belief benefit bodily bring carried caused chapter claims co-operation complete conceived conception consciousness consequences considered constituted creatures definite degree developed ditions division of labour doctrine effects efforts egoistic emotions entailed Ethics evils evolved existence feelings fulfilment functions further gratification greater greatest happiness habitually hedonism Hence HERBERT SPENCER higher human ideal ideas implied increase individual infer injurious justice kind labour larvæ LEONARD HUXLEY less lives maintained means ment mental misery mollusc moral nature needs ness nexions observe offspring organization paradox of Hedonism physical pleasures and pains principle Principles of Psychology produce prompt pursuit recognize reflex actions relations relative remote requirements respect sacrifice satisfaction savage sensations sentiency shown social Social Statics society structures Suppose sympathy theory things thought tion truth ultimate utilitarianism welfare wrong yield
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หน้า 52 - For where no covenant hath preceded, there hath no right been transferred, and every man has right to every thing; and consequently, no action can be unjust. But when a covenant is made, then to break it is unjust: and the definition of INJUSTICE, is no other than the not performance of covenant. And whatsoever is not unjust, is just.
หน้า 19 - is a definite combination of heterogeneous changes, both simultaneous and successive, in correspondence with external coexistences and sequences.
หน้า 123 - ... I believe that the experiences of utility organized and consolidated through all past generations of the human race have been producing corresponding nervous modifications, which, by continued transmission and accumulation, have become in us certain faculties of moral intuition — certain emotions responding to right and wrong conduct, which have no apparent basis in the individual experiences of utility.
หน้า 20 - Ethics has for its subjectmatter, that form which universal conduct assumes during the last stages of its evolution.
หน้า 83 - We found it was no more possible to frame ethical conceptions from which the consciousness of pleasure, of some kind, at some time, to some being, is absent, than it is possible to frame the conception of an object from which the consciousness of space is absent. And now we see that this necessity of thought originates in the very nature of sentient existence. Sentient existence can evolve only on condition that pleasure-giving acts are lifesustaining acts.
หน้า 215 - From the dawn of life, then, egoism has been dependent upon altruism as altruism has been dependent upon egoism ; and in the course of evolution the reciprocal services of the two have been increasing.
หน้า 46 - So that no school can avoid taking for the ultimate moral aim a desirable state of feeling called by whatever name — gratification, enjoyment, happiness. Pleasure somewhere, at some time, to some being or beings, is an inexpugnable element of the conception. It is as much a necessary form of moral intuition as space is a necessary form -of intellectual intuition.
หน้า 52 - Therefore before the names of just, and unjust can have place, there must be some coercive power, to compel men equally to the performance of their covenants, by the terror of some punishment, greater than the benefit \J they expect by -the breach of their covenant...
หน้า 123 - To make any position fully understood, it seems needful to add that, corresponding to the fundamental propositions of a developed Moral Science, there have been, and still are, developing in the race, certain fundamental moral intuitions j and that, though these moral intuitions are the results of accumulated experiences of Utility, gradually organized and inherited, they have come to be quite independent of conscious experience.