FOR AGED PEOPLE With old age comes inactivity, loss of appetite Burnham's (Absolutely Free from Any Preservative) gives the greatest amount of food energy with the least labor for the digestlive organs. It is soothing and can be retained by the stomach of the aged when other foods cannot be tolerated. Owing to the process of manufacture the product is partially predigested and thoroughly sterilized. The rapidity with which it is absorbed gives the stomach walls a longer period of rest than can be secured through the use of ordinary nourishment. It has stood the test of sixteen years with a constantly increasing demand from physicians. That it is absolutely the pure juice of the clam without any preservative is demonstrated by the fact that it spoils with undue exposure to the air. Burnham's Clam Bouillon is put up in glass bottles and sold in pints and half pints. This assures not only cleanliness and convenience in serving but perfect purity and freshness. All the leading apothecaries and grocers sell it. E. S. BURNHAM CO., 53 to 61 Gansevoort Street, New York THE NAUHEIM BATHS ARE GIVEN BY MEANS OF THE Triton Effervescent Bath Salts Dr. MARY PUTNAM JACOBI (Phys. St. Mark's Hosp., N. Y.) writes us: "I think very highly of the Triton Salts and use them constantly." Dr. SIMON BARUCH (Phys. Wright Hosp., N. Y.) writes us: "I regard the Nauheim System as a permanent improvement in therapeutics." Dr. WM. H. THOMSON (Ex. Pres. N. Y. Acad. Med.) writes us: "I have no hesitation in recommending your artificial Nauheim Salts." Dr. JAMES TYSON (Prof. Med. Un. of Penn.), in his "Practice of Medicine," 1903, speaking of valvular heart disease, hypertrophy and dilatation, says: " ... the Nauheim Treatment is especially useful... fortunately artificial baths may be substituted for the natural ones . . their therapeutic efficiency is undoubted. They are also useful in renal affections the deep-seated organs are relieved of congestion while the heart derives from its improved coronary circulation material for the repair of weakened tissue." The preparation of an artificial Nauheim Bath by adding to a tub of water a package of Triton Salts is simple to the last degree We shall be glad to send literature and our Manual of the Nauheim Treatment on request THE TRITON COMPANY Schieffelin & Co., New York Sole Agents When you write Advertisers, please mention THE TRAINED NURSE A New Course The constantly growing demand of hospitals and sanatoriums for graduates in hydrotherapy who are also graduates in massage and gymnastics, and our inability so far to recommend competent operators to the numerous requests we have from the largest institutions in the United States to take charge of such departments, have made it necessary to establish a course in hydrotherapy in addition to our well-known courses of instruction in massage, medical and orthopedic gymnastics and electrotherapeutics.. A wide field in private practice and well-paying positions in hospitals and sanatoriums are open to the progressive nurse who is posted on therapeutics. The best proof of this statement is the fact that we have placed about fifty nurses in the last fifteen months in such positions, which is considerably less than we had applications for. The hydriatic course may be commenced at any time, while our other regular courses open on May 15 and June 27. Illustrated particulars will be mailed upon request. Pennsylvania Orthopedic Institute and School of Mechano-Therapy, 1711 Green Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Nurses' Handbook of Useful Information We are informed by Messrs. G. W. Carnrick Company, Sullivan Street, New York, that the "Nurse's Handbook of Useful Information," which they have had in preparation for some time, is now ready for distribution and will be mailed to all nurses who have sent in their names and addresses. The scope of the book has been considerably enlarged and will consist of: Obstetrical table; a table of don'ts; antidotes for poisons; minimum dose and poisonous doses of drugs; how to make standard solutions of all kinds; emergencies-shock, asphyxia, syncope, apoplexy, hemorrhage; emergency treatment for burns of various kinds; what a nurse can do in case of poisoning and emergency treatment for various kinds of poisoning; baths; care of syringes, etc.; weights and measures; and various other important matters which will make the book of great value as a book of ready reference for nurses. The book is edited by an eminent physician and revised and approved by nurses of equal prominence in their profession. It will be sent on request free of charge to any nurse applying for same. + herself in perfect condition. While caring for every want of the sick, she must, at the same time, take every precaution to relieve the strain on herself as much as possible. She must prevent anything which will in any way jar her nerves. The nurse is continually on her feet-moving about the ward or the house. Unless special care is taken, the strain and jar of walking is the most severe tax on her energies. It has been found that this strain can be avoided by wearing paper shoes, with soles which bend easily to conform to every movement of the foot and with heels that relieve the jar of walking, without having the objectionable features of rubber heels. If you could look inside a stiff sole shoe, with the foot in it, you would know why so many people's feet hurt. The foot bends but the shoe bends scarcely at all. The top of the foot is pinched; the heel is chafed by constant slipping; at every step the ball of the foot, bearing the entire weight of the body, rubs against the sole. The soles of the Red Cross Shoe are flexible; they are made of pure, soft leather-not stiffened or hardened as the soles of ordinary shoes. They support the foot properly, and delightfully, yet bend with every motion. The nurse who Red Cross Shoes is always fashionably shod. ears A booklet describing this shoe and its importance to health can be secured by writing to the makers-KROHN, FECHHEIMER & Co., 821-831 Sycamore Street, Cincinnati. Evans' Antiseptic Throat Pastilles The value of these pastilles first came to the notice of the public in England a few years ago, and were known as the "Liverpool Throat Hospital Pastilles," being distributed to the patients from that institution with such marvelous results, as to warrant their being placed on the market for the benefit of the numerous sufferers from throat trouble, and a portion of the profit derived from the sale of the article is devoted to various charitable institutions in Liverpool to-day. Many physicians are recommending them since they contain no narcotics, but are purely antiseptic, producing immediate relief to that annoying tickling in the throat caused from inflammation, catarrhal and otherwise. Vocalists, public speakers and talkers generally find them most valuable. A sample will be sent to any nurse or physician upon receipt of a professional card. Apply, Evans Sons, Lescher & Webb, The first duty of the trained nurse is to keep Limited, 92 William Street, New York. SYR. HYPOPHOS. CO., FELLOWS Contains the Essential Elements of the Animal Organization-Potash and Lime; The Oxidising Agents-Iron and Manganese; The Tonics-Quinine and Strychnine; (each fluid drachm contains the equivalent of 1-64th grain of pure Strychnine). And the Vitalizing Constituent-Phosphorus; the whole combined in the form of a Syrup with a Slightly Alkaline Reaction. It Differs in its Effects from all Analogous Preparations; and it possesses the important properties of being pleasant to the taste, easily borne by the stomach, and harmless under prolonged use. It has Gained a Wide Reputation, particularly in the treatment of Chronic Bronchitis, and other affections of the respiratory organs. It has also been employed with much success in various nervous and debilitating diseases. Its Curative Power is largely attributable to its stimulant, tonic, and nutritive properties, by means of which the energy of the system is recruited. Its Action is Prompt; it stimulates the appetite and the digestion, it promotes assimilation, and it enters directly into the circulation with the food products. The prescribed dose produces a feeling of buoyancy, and removes depression and melancholy; hence the preparation is of great value in the treatment of mental and nervous affections. From the fact, also, that it exerts a tonic influence, and induces a healthy flow of the secretions, its use is indicated in a wide range of diseases. NOTICE-CAUTION. The success of Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites has tempted certain persons to offer imitations of it for sale. Mr. Fellows, who has examined samples of several of these, finds that no two of them are identical, and that all of them differ from the original in composition, in freedom from acid reaction, in susceptibility to the effects of oxygen when exposed to light or heat, in the property of retaining the strychnine in solution, and in the medicinal effects. As these cheap and inefficient substitutes are frequently dispensed instead of the genuine preparation, physicians are earnestly requested, when prescribing the Syrup, to write "Syr. Hypophos. Fellows." As a further precaution, it is advisable that the Syrup should be ordered in the original bottles; the distinguishing marks which the bottles (and the wrappers surrounding them) bear; can then be examined, and the genuineness-or otherwise-of the contents thereby proved. This preparation can be procured at all chemists and druggists, everywhere. When you write Advertisers, please mention THE TRAINED NURSE Exclusive publication must be insured to all contributions offered to the Editors. Rejected manuscripts will be returned if stamps be sent for this purpose. Exclusive publication not required for contributions to Nursing World Department. Illustrations for articles are particularly solicited. All expense for drawings, plates, etc., will be borne by the publishers. No responsibility is accepted by the Editors or publishers for the opinions of contributors, nor are they responsible for any other than editorial statements. Books and monographs will be reviewed promptly. Short, practical notes upon personal experiences or brief reports of interesting cases with results from remedies, new or old, will be welcomed. The Editors and printers will greatly appreciate the courtesy of having all manuscript typewritten; or, if this is impossible, clearly written, great attention being given to proper names and medical terms. Copyright, 1906, by Lakeside Publishing Company. Don't Rob Yourself If you take THE TRAINED NURSE you are sure to get $2.00 worth of good from it, probably much more-but are you getting all the good there is? There are still a few people who do not understand the value of advertising. They regard it as a nuisance. This is an oldfashioned, obsolete idea. In the first place, a magazine could not be printed without advertising, for the subscription price hardly pays for the blank paper. Be up-to-date, look at advertising this way: A manufacturer makes a certain product which he believes will do certain things better or cheaper than any other. He is willing to spend thousands to get people to try it, being sure that its virtues will bring repeated sales and recommendations. Don't be cynical, old-fashioned, skeptical. The advertisers in THE TRAINED NURSE advertise goods, the use of which will make your work easier, better or quicker. They deserve your patronage for they have appreciated you and have sought it, where others have passed you over as of no consequence. Improve yourself and your work by reading the advertisements and sending for the free samples so liberally offered. * Please Remember If you know a nurse who does not take THE TRAINED NURSE, send us her name and address, even on a postal card, and we will send her a sample copy. You may be doing her a lasting service. She may need just such professional information and assistance as is contained in THE TRAINED NURSE. Remember, too, that we give a valuable premium for every subscription our subscribers send us. See the premium pages in almost every issue of THE TRAINED NURSE. Also send us items of news concerning your hospital, training school, home, club, or alumnæ association; or an item of interest regarding any nurse, or any event worthy of the notice of the nursing profession. These items would be greatly appreciated by us, and might be of great benefit to your sisters in the profession. We will also be very glad to reproduce attractive photographs of classes of nurses, interiors and exteriors of nurses' homes, etc. Hospital Review VOL. XXXVI P New York, May, 1906 Predisposition and Immunity MILLARD LANGFELD, M.D. Professor of Bacteriology the John A. Creighton Medical College, Omaha, Neb. HYSICIANS call susceptibility to disease predisposition, and resistance to disease immunity. The body, in a state of perfect health, is assumed to possess through its tissue-juices, blood and cellular elements a high degree of immunity, which should be its heritage at birth, and be carried through life. But, as in all else, so in this respect, we fall short of the ideal, and fail to inherit either complete immunity or carry through life with us even as much as is inherited. This is because our parents do not transmit to us an organism completely fortified against disease agencies. For the same reason that we are not able to preserve it in as excellent a state as transmitted, there are forces constantly at work prejudicial to the maintenance of a perfect state of health, which eliminate the effectiveness of natural immunity, and predispose to disease. These forces are spoken of as causes, and are grouped under the general title, predisposing. Since we are not familiar with the agencies which acted upon our progenitors, in considering the predisposing causes of disease we ascribe to race and family a place among these. Then, beginning with the individual, we take into account all manner of exigencies to which every one is exposed during life; further, since the incidence of disease varies NO. 5 with age, the latter also finds a place in the category of predisposing influences. The influence of race upon disease is not well understood, although its import is. We know that the negro is three times more susceptible to tuberculosis than the Caucasian, and less susceptible to malaria and yellow fever. The North American Indian will soon become extinct largely through the instrumentality of consumption. The Jews, on the other hand, suffer less from tuberculosis than other races, and are practically immune against cholera. Yet cancer and diabetes are, perhaps, more common among them than among other peoples. A race seems to gather immunity from a disease with age if it has contact with it. The first visitation of a disease is fraught with terrible consequences, even when the disease is one generally considered mild by other nations. In another paper (TRAINED NURSE, November, 1905) I have referred to the huge mortality from measles among the natives of the Faroe and Fiji islands on its first invasion of the islands. But contact with a disease, by which is understood that large numbers of a race are attacked and survive, does not explain, completely, lack of susceptibility. In every large city are found representatives of almost every nation, living, in colonies, under the |