The knowledge of preparing broths and soups is most essential to the nurse, for they as a liquid diet furnish both nutritive and stimulating food. Served under the head of liquids they are usually seasoned and strained before serving and are made from the different meats, chicken, milk, etc. The essential point in the making is the drawing off of all the nutritive juices of the meat. The best result being obtained by first removing all fat and skin and cutting the meat into pieces, adding it to cold water in proportion of one pint of water to one pound of meat or fowl. Let it simmer at least one hour and cook not less than two and one-half hours, using judgment as to the amount of meat, as well as the kind, veal taking less time than beef or mutton. Skim at least twice and salt to taste after the first hour. When done strain and set to cool in an earthen dish, never in tin or iron. When cold remove every particle of fat.

The remaining

BEEF, MUTTON OR VEAL BROTH.

To each pound of either beef, mutton or veal shank or knuckle bone, add one pint of cold water, simmer slowly one hour and add one tablespoonful of rice. then let cook until the meat drops from the bones. Strain and let cool, remove the fat, and re-heat when needed. Make the day before it is needed for use.

CHICKEN BROTH.

Wash, skin and chop one-half an old fowl or one young chicken; place in stew pan with one quart of cold water. Let cook slowly for two hours or until the chicken is very tender. Then remove from fire and strain. When cold remove fat and set away on ice until needed.

PIGEON BROTH.

Skin and wash the bird thoroughly. Split through the back and breast and place into a sauce pan with one pint of cold water. Let boil until the flesh falls from the bones. Season with a little salt, and pepper also if allowed, and strain before serving.

OYSTER BROTH.

Cut one pint of oysters into small. pieces. Place in a stew pan with one pint of cold water and one cup of the oyster liquor; boil gently twenty minutes. Skim, strain and salt to taste, adding a tiny piece of butter. Serve hot. If de

sired one-half a teacup of cream may be added with the seasoning.

CLAM BROTH.

one

Chop one dozen fresh or canned clams into small pieces and with half pint of thin liquor put in a stew pan with one-half pint of cold water. Cook fifteen minutes, add for seasoning a little salt, a small piece of butter, one teacup of rich milk and let boil up once, then remove from the fire. Strain and serve at once.

CHICKEN AND EGG BROTH.

To one coffee cup of strained chicken broth use one fresh egg. Have the egg beaten very light. Heat the broth to a boiling point and pour onto the beaten egg stirring briskly to keep the egg from curdling. Add a pinch of salt and serve at once. Very nourishing.

EXPRESSED BEEF JUICE.

Broil lean thickly sliced beefsteak until it is heated through. Squeeze out the juice with a lemon squeezer and strain into a cup. When ready to serve heat the juice by setting the cup in a bowl of boiling water. Season to suit taste.

QUICK BEEF TEA.

To one pint of cold water add one pound of chopped lean beef. Let it simmer one-half hour, then let boil one-half hour longer. Strain and remove any particle of fat which may rise. Season and serve hot.

EGG BROTH.

One fresh egg well beaten, one-half teaspoonful of sugar, one pint of boiling water, one-fourth saltspoon of salt. Beat egg and sugar together until light, then pour the boiling water onto it, stirring briskly to prevent curdling. Add the salt last and serve immediately.

CLEAR VEGETABLE SOUP.

Make a stock like that for beef broth.

When half done add one stalk of celery, one small potato, one slice of onion, and one tablespoonful of rice. When the stock has cooked the given time and the vegetables are tender, strain and remove fat. The union can be omitted if desired.

CELERY SOUP.

Cut up four crisp celery stalks into inch pieces, place in stew pan with one pint of cold water. Let it cook twentyfive minutes, then add one-fourth spoon of salt, piece of butter the size of hickory nut and one cup of new milk, two tablespoons of cream. Let cook five minutes. Strain into a hot bowl and serve.

POTATO SOUP.

Three potatoes, two tablespoons of flour, one quart of milk, two teaspoons of sweet butter. Cook potatoes tender in water, then either strain or rub through a strainer as desired. Add the milk and butter and lastly the flour moistened with milk for thickening. Let cook for five minutes more and serve. If a thin soup

is wanted omit the flour.

CREAM OF TOMATO SOUP.

Place one-half can of tomatoes in a granite pan with one cupful of cold water. Let come to a boil, then add onefourth teaspoonful of soda and stir while. it foams. Then add one quart of milk, two teaspoons of butter, good pinch of salt and lastly two teaspoonsful of flour thickening. Reheat and strain.

BOUILLON.

Cut up three pounds of beef and bone and put into two quarts of cold water, allowing it to simmer slowly three hours. Then strain through a fine sieve, removing all fat. Season to taste with pepper and salt. Serve very hot in small cups with toasted bread strips or plain as desired.

Through THE TRAINED NURSE AND HOSPITAL REVIEW, unity of effort was achieved at an early period, and what the nursing profession is to-day, is very largely the work of this magazine.

It was necessary that the management of such a magazine should be thoroughly disinterested. Those connected with THE TRAINED NURSE have never sought to obtain hospital positions, run societies. or control legislation. We are publishers, not politicians. We have no personal ambitions to advance, no secret friendships to serve, no private quarrels to pursue.

THE TRAINED NURSE began its good work for nurses when no one else dared to start a magazine for such an insignificant profession as trained nursing was eighteen years ago.

From that day to this THE TRAINED NURSE has been the leader in every successful ethical or practical movement which has taken place.

When we first agitated registration for nurses it was regarded as a dream castle in the air by those who later saw a personal advantage in the original ideas we had propagated, and who have since posed upon the pedestals we erected.

Investigation will show that sooner or later other nursing publications follow where we have led. We have always treated nurses fairly and honestly. Our columns are open to all. We have never tried to drive, coerce or muzzle nurses to suit a financially interested self-seeking coterie. We pay for our articles, thus putting money into the profession instead of taxing the profession for the benefit of a few.

Is not THE TRAINED NURSE good value for your money? Full of practical articles, which help you make your living and improve your work?

For these reasons we ask you to give justice where justice is due. Support us with your best effort. Remember the good we have done the profession, the good we are doing to-day, and the good we will be able to do to-morrow if backed up by your subscription and support.

The Training of the Nurse

In the April number of the Annals of Gynecology and Pediatry, John Van Doren Young, M. D., presents a very able editorial on The Trained Nurse. This editorial was evidently inspired by the meeting which was recently held at the Academy of Medicine, New York, and to which reference was made in our May number.

In speaking of the overtrained nurse, which subject occupied much prominence on the above mentioned occasion, Dr. Young says: "The overtrained nurse is an impossibility, for if the training is true and the one who receives it is of a mental calibre sufficiently large, she cannot feel above her calling. Granted a scientific nurse, thoroughly and well trained, and an unscientific and partly trained physician on a given case, the combination is sad indeed for the patient, the doctor and the nurse. Granted a thoroughly trained nurse, a scientific physician and the combination will be beneficial to the nurse, the doctor and the patient. No training is too complete or too exhaustive for the one who must assume the responsibility of the care of the patient during the physician's absence, and surely this training will not, with the right material, tempt the nurse to assume undue responsibility, or to allow her to criticise unjustly the physician in charge of the case. Where the nurse is worthy of this training, the training will in itself vastly improve her and she

will be of greater assistance and better fitted as a helper in the work of the medical attendant. What greater help can there be to a physician or a surgeon than carefully kept records of events that occur during the time of his absence, than by one who is capable to make notes on symptoms that arise, that are really of value. The influence of skilled nursing upon the results both in medicine and surgery, have probably contributed as much to the better results of recent years as the improved methods in vogue."

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Relief for San Francisco Nurses We desire to call attention to the following letter which was recently received by a member of the California Nurses' State Association, now in this city. The letter speaks for itself.

"At a counselors' meeting yesterday it was decided to write to some of the Eastern hospitals to tell them how much in need of uniforms the nurses are. Although large sums have been sent to the relief fund, the nurses have as yet received no benefit from it except food. The fact seems to be overlooked that the majority of our graduate nurses who are on duty at the various camps have lost everything they own, in many instances having only the uniform and underclothing in which they left the burning and falling buildings with their patients. If money or uniform material (money preferred) could be sent to the association relief fund it would prove a great blessing. Money would enable us to get the material more quickly, put the money in circulation here and save expressage. (Signed) "FLORENCE Z. DOWNING, "Sec. Cal. N. S. A.”

We have no doubt that the publication of this letter will bring a generous response. Some of the nurses' associations

have already contributed large sums of money, but we suppose this has gone to the general fund, and as the letter states, the nurses have not as yet received full benefit from it.

We understand that Miss V. Petit, of Nyack, N. Y., has started an endless chain collection, and will also receive other contributions. Miss A. I. Haentsche, of 155 East Eighty-third Street, N. Y. City, a graduate of the German Hospital Training School, and to whom we are indebted for the above letter, writes, "I also shall be glad to forward any kind. gift for our sister nurses."

The nurses' alumnae associations seem so ready to give, often where there is neither necessity nor a worthy cause, that we trust that they will be equally ready in this great emergency, where there is both.

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The Nursing and Care of the Insane

We take this opportunity to thank all the appreciative readers collectively who have complimented us on the excellent articles we are now running on The Nursing and Care of the Insane. These articles are the result of our recent prize offer. Not only the prize winner, but all we have published or intend to publish, are above the average in excellence. The one in this number by Miss MacDonnell was considered the best from a literary point of view.

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We are in receipt of a manuscript intended for our Prize Contest which bears no name nor address. The envelope bore a Boston postmark, and the article is entitled "In Private Practice.". We request that the writer will send us her name and address. This need not be published if not desired.