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-F. Cardon reviews Casati's and Geosi's late books on Africa. -P. Nocito has something to say on Lynch Law in America and Italy. The Bibliographical Review notices E. Ben. Andrews' Institutions and Economics and S. M. Macvaine's The Working People and Political Economy.-(June 16).—This number begins a very interesting series of papers by Professor Barzelotti on Mystic and Pagan Italy.' He critically examines M. Emile Gerhart's L'Italie Mystique, in reading which, he says, he is often reminded of M. Pater's remark in his Studies on the History of the Renaissance, that modern criticism is continually clearing up the confused facts about the Middle Ages, To which I add,' says Professor Barzelotti,that criticism is doing for that great flood of the liberty of the modern spirit what the latest explorers have done for the Nile, that is, finding more and more distant sources.' He points out the character of Italian Christendom, and the reason of the immense influence exercised by the Christian idea in medieval Europe, especially on the Italians, and explains the difference between the history of religion in Italy and of the evangelical Christianity of northern nations, etc.-E. Masi reviews the Duke de Broglie's Memoirs of Talleyrand.-A novelty in the Nuova Antologia is a three act comedy by Leo di Castelnuova, entitled, 'The First Lie,' extremely graceful and natural in style and dialogue.-A. Graf has a most interesting paper on the literature of the future, which he believes will be large and free, and far from being realistic at the expense of ideality, as is the tendency now, will embrace the whole of life, both physical and spiritual, both in the heights and in the depths, and be thoroughly sincere.-F. Porena gives a rapid sketch of the unexplored portions of our earth, showing that it is the least part that we know, and encouraging future exploration.

L'ARCHIVIO STORICO FOR THE NEAPOLITAN PROVINCES (year 16, No. 1).-B. Croce's interesting chapters on the Theatres of Naples in the 15th to 18th centuries,' continues, and this time gives a description of the comedies of Cerlone, in which figures a certain Don Fastidio who argues on every word pronounced. For instance, talking to a page of a lady, he says, meaning to compliment her, You are meretricious,' and explains that that word means one who merits well.' He says to a noble: My lord does not know that you are decapitated here.' Count: Decapitated!' Don Fastidio: Yes, Excellence, decapitated, and I said well; in my idiom, decapito, decapitas, decapitatum, stand for to arrive, to come, and to go.' The actor who played Don Fastidio was a man called Francesco Massaro, and Cerlone only wrote down what this comedian improvised during his long career on the stage.—In

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1765 an Englishman named Samuel Sharp, who lived in Naples for some time, and described the small theatre in the Castle Square as follows: This little theatre is best known under the name of Cantina (inn). You descend ten steps into the pit, which, when full, may hold from seventy to eighty persons. One carlino is paid for a seat. All round is a gallery divided into ten or twelve boxes, each of which costs 8 carlini, and can comfortably hold four persons. At such a price it is not difficult to imagine the sort of stage, actors, and scenery. But what is difficult to imagine is the vulgarity of the audience, who, at least in the pit, are dressed in shirt sleeves, and have dirty hats and caps. The boxes are generally empty. Everybody in Italy, even gentlemen and ladies, have the nasty habit of expectorating without using their handkerchiefs or seeking some retired corner, and at the "Cantina" the habit became really repulsive. They not only spit on the ground but on the walls, so that it is impossible to avoid soiling one's clothes; and they do it so excessively that I cannot but attribute the pallor and thinness of many Neapolitans to this waste of saliva.' This old habit has not yet been cured; it is often a cause of nuisance in omnibuses and tramways. Francesco Massaro died of apoplexy while acting in the little theatre of San Giaconio, in 1768, and the figure of Don Fastidio was never found in Cerlone's comedies for a long time after, when an actor appeared who recalled to mind his inimitable predecessor. This was Luigi Parisi. Among the many anecdotes found in Signor Croce's history, the following is pathetic. The Princess Belmont, patroness of the chief tenor, Antonio Raaff, lost her husband, and fell into such a state of dumb melancholy that her life was threatened. A month had passed and she had not been able to shed a single tear. She was taken from place to place in the hope of diverting her thoughts, but all was in vain. Then some one thought of sending for Antonio Raaff and trying the effect of his singing. He repaired to the Princess, and sang Solitario bosco omtroso' with such expression that the Princess burst into tears and was saved. There is much in these chapters about Giovanni Bach, many of whose operas were performed at Naples, himself directing the orchestra. He led a very gay life, and fell in love with a ballet-girl called Colomba Beccari. Though, by order of the king, no one was allowed to go behind the scenes, Bach was often seen there with Colomba. We also have a story about an obstinate Englishman. In 1763 a soprano named Caterina Gabrielli was turning everybody's head, and when she was on the stage she used to laugh and talk with her admirers across the footlights. One evening, in October, the theatre was crowded, and the

habitués of the stalls made a louder noise than usual talking to Gabrielli. An English cavalier was one of her admirers, and one of the loudest; he was warned to be silent, but went on talking and laughing, upon which he was told that the king ordered him to leave the place. He refused, saying, 'I only know one king, and he is in England!' Five days later he was expelled the kingdom. Many celebrated personages pass across the scene of Signor Croce's pages. Vittorio Alfieri was an admirer of the Neapolitan opera buffa, and stayed in Naples during the carnival of 1767. In his autobiography he says: 'My greatest pleasure in Naples was the burlesque music in the Teatro Nuovo, but even there the delightful sounds echoed in my soul with a continual murmur of melancholy, and evoked hundreds of the most dismal and lugubrious ideas, on which I loved to dwell, and I often went away to wander alone on the sounding shores of Chiaia and Portici. Richard Filangieri at the time of Frederick II., Conrad, and Manfred,' by G. del Guidice, is continued; and N. Faraglia gives a description of the Abruzzi provinces when subject to the Dukes of Spoleto and Benevento.-G. Ceci continues his notes on the churches to be destroyed in Naples.-G. di B. begins a story of the kingdom of Naples from 1011 to 1358, many portions of which are founded on documents discovered lately in St. Mark's Library at Venice, and written in the dialect by a Venetian, who says he transcribed them from the diary of a certain Domenico Delello, a citizen of Gaeta.

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LA RASSEGNA NAZIONALE (April, May, June).-Besides a translation of the article on 'Siberia' from the Century Magazine, of which the translator says that it reveals a terrible system of police, and that a liberal, logical, and steady policy, would make Russia a happy and prosperous country, without damaging her power, we have some chronological studies on the birth, baptism, and death of Christ, by a Benedictine monk, Don Atto Paganelli of Vallombrosa, and a pleasant account of Beranger from Professor Montefiore.-P. Pernice's Social Question' is continued from the twelfth to the eighteenth chapters, and G. A. Airoli contributes a study of the present political situation. In the June number, as well as in both the others, there are instalments of Stoppani's Commentators of Genesis. Luigi Celli' is the poet chosen by P. E. Castagnola to illustrate his studies of the Roman poets of the seventeenth century. Bonghi's Life of Jesus Christ is favourably reviewed by C. Orio, and G. Marcotti closes his account of a journey in the Carpathian mountains.-J. N. Dolph gives a full account of English and American opinions on the question of

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divorce. From Professor Loevy we have a paper on the study of archæology.-From G. Fortebracci, one in defence of the hexameter, and P. Prada gives a sketch of the life and works of Francesco Paoli, the former secretary and later biographer of Antonio Rosmini, and renowned as a man of science.Flourish the Institutions!' is the title of a long paper by L. Zeni, founded on a mass of literature relating to the present condition of Italy.-There are also articles by F. Grassi on Scandinavia, by F. de Novelli on the reform of the Portuguese Missions, and by C. F. Airoli on Italian Normal Schools.-G. Mascoth has another bit of travel on the borders of the Black Sea, agreeably written.-G. Zaccagnini writes on the Roman poet, Belli; and F. Alessio a short article on Conservatives and Rosminians.-G. B. Ghirardi, in an article on Silvio Pellico and Women,' describes the influence of high-minded women on Pellico's life, the ideal point of view from which he contemplated the sex, and which was never destroyed by his experiences, and quotes some sentences from an unpublished book, on the duty of women, by Pellico, in which the author says that the happiest times were those when women were most highly honoured; and blames over sentimentality and exciting literature. One of the women who had most influence on Silvio Pellico was the Marchioness Barolo, whose name is associated with the reform of the prisons of Piedmont, and who chose Pellico to be the director of some charitable institutions she had founded. In these duties Silvio quietly passed the last years of his life.-S. Rumor gives an interesting account of the poet Zanella, and a description of his villa.-Santangelo-Spoto describes the speeches made and pamphlets written on the application of the Homestead' to Sardinia.-G. Marcotti continues his journey describing Constantinople.-G. Grabinski, in a short review of the journal and correspondence of Major Barttelot, by the latter's brother, and of Casati's Ten Years in Equatoria,' points out that Stanley, in vol. ii., page 220, of the French edition of 'Darkest Africa' expresses his surprise that Emin Pasha, with such means as he had at his disposal, never thoroughly explored the Albert Nyanza, and left to him (Stanley) the honour of discovering the Mountains of the Moon (Usongora), which assertion is completely contradicted by what Schweinfurth said in 1888, as follows: In a letter written by Emin to Dr. Felkin from Wadelai, 26th Oct., 1886, he describes an excursion made to the Albert Nyanza, when he discovered a river flowing down from the mountains of Usongora into the lake on the south, called by the Wambega the Kakibi.' So that Stanley's mountains are those previously seen by Emin, says G. Grabinski, and the Semliki claimed by Stanley

is the Kakibi formerly discovered by Emin. Grabinski thinks that Stanley cannot dispute these facts, but disclaims any prejudice on his own part either for or against Barttelot or Stanley, being full of admiration of the latter as an explorer, but opining that Stanley's fame would be still more splendid if it could be presented to posterity free from the stains that dull it.--The review of foreign literature in the June 1st number is occupied with late English works relating to Italy.-R. Stuart chooses the queer title of London' for a pleasant description of grouseshooting in England.-F. Bonatelli writes on Secondary Classical Schools, and G. Marcotti describes his travels in The Three Bulgarias.-Father G. Da Venezia writes on Fra Bartolommeo degli Uliari, from edited and inedited documents.

RASSEGNA DELLE SCIENZI SOCIALE E POLITICHI (April, May, June). After the vote, by C. Rudolfo.-The Reform of Local Administration, L. Palma.-The Attributions of Central Power and local Autonomy, A. Brunialti.-Crime in France and Italy, by F. Virgilii, in which it is stated that the average number of murders committed in Italy is 8 for every 100,000 inhabitants.-The Laws of the development of the State, by L. Ratto. -The School, by A. Gotti.-The Superior Council of Labour in France, by E. Coppi.-Naturalization considered as a law of the development of States, by L. Ratto.-The question between Italy. and the United States, by D. Zannichelli.-The Workman's Holiday and the Liberal Party, by G. G.-The Ethological character and scope of Education, by G. Marchesini.-The Pope's Encyclical on Socialism, by G. Brenna, who says that when a warning comes from such high quarters it is a sign that the socialistic idea has made immense progress, and must be attended to. The Prorogation of the Bank privilege, by A. J. De Johannis.- Democratic Catholic Canton, by L. Palma, describing the working of the Government of the small canton of Uri.

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IL GIORNALI STORICO DELLA LETTERATURA ITALIANA (vol. xvii., fascicle 2-3).-G. Malagoli writes on the studies, love affairs, and letters, of Guidobaldo Bonarelli, whose notable pastoral poems held the highest place after Tasso's Aminta,' and Guarini's Pastor Fido.'-R. Sabbadini publishes some Latin letters by Carlo Marsuppini d'Arezzo and Leonardo Bruno.-G. Volpi writes about Matteo Franco, a courtier of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Matteo is one of the most original and curious figures among the literati and gaudenti of the 15th century, who, though of a greedy nature, and never satisfied with the favours showered upon him, was much loved by Lorenzo, who calls him

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