Minimizing Corruption: Philippine Democracy AssessmentAteneo University Press, 2007 - 201 ˹éÒ |
¨Ò¡´éÒ¹ã¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í
¼Å¡Òäé¹ËÒ 1 - 5 ¨Ò¡ 9
˹éÒ 8
... Ombudsman estimates that roughly US $ 48 billion were lost to corruption by the Philippine government over the last twenty years ( Romero undated ) . According to Romero , the Commission on Audit estimates corruption to cost about Php2 ...
... Ombudsman estimates that roughly US $ 48 billion were lost to corruption by the Philippine government over the last twenty years ( Romero undated ) . According to Romero , the Commission on Audit estimates corruption to cost about Php2 ...
˹éÒ 12
... Ombudsman conducts " lifestyle checks " among public employees especially in agencies involved in high revenue generation and revenue spending , penalty is up to five years imprisonment or fine of up to Php10,000 or both Penalties ...
... Ombudsman conducts " lifestyle checks " among public employees especially in agencies involved in high revenue generation and revenue spending , penalty is up to five years imprisonment or fine of up to Php10,000 or both Penalties ...
˹éÒ 13
... Ombudsman Act of 1989 or RA 6770 bribe givers when they agree to testify in bribery charges against public officials guilty of offense Promotes high standards of ethics among public employees ; emulates public office to highest esteem ...
... Ombudsman Act of 1989 or RA 6770 bribe givers when they agree to testify in bribery charges against public officials guilty of offense Promotes high standards of ethics among public employees ; emulates public office to highest esteem ...
˹éÒ 14
... Ombudsman approach . However , the mandate seems to be redundant and overlaps with that of the Ombudsman Accountability aspect of report expenditures are weak and hardly enforced ; allows political party switching and does not encourage ...
... Ombudsman approach . However , the mandate seems to be redundant and overlaps with that of the Ombudsman Accountability aspect of report expenditures are weak and hardly enforced ; allows political party switching and does not encourage ...
˹éÒ 16
... Ombudsman has identified a number of civil servants , some of them high ranking , who are suspected to have violated the same law . Some of these officials now face formal charges . The Anti - Corruption Bodies The 1987 Constitution ...
... Ombudsman has identified a number of civil servants , some of them high ranking , who are suspected to have violated the same law . Some of these officials now face formal charges . The Anti - Corruption Bodies The 1987 Constitution ...
à¹×éÍËÒ
1 | |
11 | |
12 | |
Protecting Office Holders and the Public | 35 |
Public Confidence in CorruptionFree | 47 |
Transparency International Philippine | 48 |
Transactions Between Business and Government | 63 |
11 | 66 |
47 | 78 |
Shielding Elected Officials from Sectional Interests | 139 |
Conclusion | 175 |
References Cited | 183 |
Index | 190 |
About the Authors | 200 |
¤ÓáÅÐÇÅÕ·Õ辺ºèÍÂ
accountability actions activities administration agencies allowed anti-corruption areas assessment audit authority bank bribery Bureau bureaucracy campaign candidates citizens City civil Code Commission companies compliance concerned conduct continued contracts contribute corporations corruption court culture Customs deal decisions democracy Department Development effective election employees enforcement ensure entry established example exchange executive filed Filipino firms forms functions funds giving groups implementation import industry institutions integrity interests International involved issued licenses Manila Marcos measures million monitoring Ombudsman operations organized parties payment percent permits Philippine policies political political parties practices President prevent procedures procurement programs provisions public office Quezon City Reform regulations reported requirements responses rules sector securities Senate Social society Source standards survey Table transactions Transparency trust undertakings values various