...Compare the language ofP/essy v. Ferguson with that of Brown v. Board of Education, some 58 years later: The object of the [Fourteenth] Amendment was undoubtedly...commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either. — Justice Henry Billings Brown (1896). We conclude that the doctrine of "separate but equal"...

...from the other race by color — has no tendency to destroy the legal equality of the two races... The object of the [Fourteenth Amendment] was undoubtedly...commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either.86 Justice John Marshall Harlan's dissent confirms that there has always been a relatively small...

...(prohibiting slavery) nor the Fourteenth Amendment (requiring equal treatment under the law). He wrote, The object of the [Fourteenth] amendment was undoubtedly...commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either. (Plessy v. Ferguson [1896]) THE AFTERMATH The dissenting opinion, written by Justice John Marshall...

...to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. [. . .] The object of the forebears either. Laws permitting, and even requiring, their separation, in places where they are liable to be...

...of denying legal equality, the Court recognized that it was perpetuating racial subjugation saying, The object of the [Fourteenth] [A]mendment was undoubtedly...from political, equality, or a commingling of the two races.22 Thus, the Court suggested that the equality of which the justices spoke was restricted to...

...1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court disagreed. "The object of the amendment," the Court said, "was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality...commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either." Note the distinction the Court here made: legal or "political" equality was not the same as...

...ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson, the majority opinion found that the object of the Fourteenth Amendment "could not have been intended to abolish distinctions...from political, equality, or a commingling of the two races."12 In barring social from political equality in terms of a fear of racial "commingling," this...

...before the law, but in the nature of things, it could not have been intended to abolish distinction based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished...commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either. Laws permitting, and even requiring their separation in places where they are liable to be...

...the US Supreme Court's majority opinion of the Fourteenth Amendment's meaning: [T]he object of the amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute...commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either. Laws permitting, and even requiring, their separation in places where they are liable to be...

..."social" rights: "[I]n the nature of things, it could not have been intended to abolish dist1nct1ons based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished...commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either of them." These categories were reasonably well established in the constitutional discourse...