 | Thomas D. Zweifel - 2002 - 181 หน้า
...("Eligibility for public office") with his seventh ("Free and fair elections") and eighth requirements ("Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preferences"). They fold these three criteria into one "FAIRELT" variable, "elections without significant... | |
 | Rosemary H. T. O'Kane - 2004 - 292 หน้า
...compete for support and for votes 6 Alternative sources of information 7 Free and fair elections 8 Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference. (Dahl 1971: 3) Dahl oilers these eight guarantees as necessary (though not necessarily sufficient)... | |
 | Emmanuel Kreike, William C. Jordan - 2004 - 506 หน้า
...political leaders to compete for votes 6. Alternative sources of information 7. Free and fair elections 8. Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference.27 Dahl thus directs our attention to two aspects of development central to this analysis:... | |
 | Young Whan Kihl - 2005 - 440 หน้า
...to compete for support and votes 6. Alternative sources of information 7. Free and fair elections 8. Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preferences. (1971: 3) Democracy as an ideal type of "principled belief system consists of both normative... | |
 | Thomas Janoski, Robert R. Alford, Alexander M. Hicks, Mildred A. Schwartz - 2005 - 844 หน้า
...political leaders for support, (6) alternative sources of information, (7) free and fair elections, and (8) institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference. Regimes vary enormously, as Dahl declares, "in the extent to which the eight institutional conditions... | |
 | William J. Crotty - 2005 - 592 หน้า
...leaders to compete for support . . . 6. Alternative sources of information 7. Free and fair elections 8. Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference (Dahl 1971, 3) In this same context, Arend Lijphardt endorses Dahl's now familiar polyarchical approach:... | |
 | Larry Diamond, Marc F. Plattner, Philip J. Costopoulos - 2005 - 296 หน้า
...compete for support and votes; 6) alternative sources of information; 7) free and fair elections; and 8) institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference.4 My colleague Juan J. Linz and I have argued that Dahl's eight guarantees are necessary... | |
 | Charles Tilly - 2010 - 268 หน้า
...The right to vote > Eligibility for public office > Competition by political leaders for support > Alternative sources of information > Free and fair...depend on votes and other expressions of preference Regimes vary enormously, as Dahl declares, "in the extent to which the eight institutional conditions... | |
 | Howard J. Wiarda, Esther M. Skelley - 2007 - 312 หน้า
...leaders to compete for support. 6. Alternative sources of information. 7. Free and fair elections. 8. Institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference. No one could quarrel with this broadened definition; the problem is it still does not go far enough.... | |
 | Cindy Skach - 2005 - 174 หน้า
...violates Robert Dahl's eight institutional guarantees for polyarchy, particularly guarantee number eight, "institutions for making government policies depend on votes and other expressions of preference."8 One observable * See Yves Meny, Le systeme politique franfais (Paris: Montchrestien,... | |
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... 1. Freedom to form and join organizations 2. Freedom of expression 3. Right to vote 4. Eligibility for public office 5. Right of political leaders to compete for support 5a. 
